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Date: Jan 7, 2023

Translations

Sanskrit	Thyagasamudram Shri Chakrapani Iyer			18th century	Verse

Malayalam	I. V. Ramaswamy Iyer	Malayalathil Kural	Trivandrum	1595		First ever translation of the Kural text in any language.

Latin	Constanzo Beschi	Thirukural (Books I and II)	London	1730	Partial—Prose		Qui ut sua caro pinguoscat, alienas carnes comedit quinam eum viveutibus lenitatem et clementiam exercere dicetur?
Latin	Karl Graul	Kural of Tiruvalluver. High-Tamil Text with Translation into Common Tamil and Latin, Notes and Glossary	Tranquebar	1865

German	August Friedrich Caemmerer	Thirukural waith German Translation	Leipzig	1803			Wie kann er zutreffendes Mitleid üben, das das Fleisch eines Tieres ißt, um sein eigenes Fleisch zu mästen?
	Friedrich Rückert	Thirukural, Selections	Berlin	1847	Selections
	Karl Graul	Der Kural des Tiruvalluver. Ein gnomisches Gedicht über die drei Strebeziele des Menschen.	London and Leipzig (F. A. Brockhaus)^[36]	1856	Complete

French	Anonymous	Kural de Thiruvalluvar, Selections	Paris	1767	Selections
	E. S. Ariel	Kural de Thiruvalluvar (Traduits du Tamoul)	Paris	1848	Selections

Nathaniel Edward Kindersley	Specimens of Hindoo Literature	London (W. Bulmer and Co.)	1794	Selections—Verse	Made the first ever translation of the Kural text into English in a chapter titled 'Extracts from the Teroo-Vaulaver Kuddul, or, The Ocean of Wisdom' in his book Specimens of Hindoo Literature^[30]	Not translated.
Francis Whyte Ellis	Thirukural on Virtue (in verse) with Commentary	Madras	1812 (reprint 1955)	Selections—Mixed	Incomplete translation—only 120 couplets translated, 69 in verse and 51 in prose	Not translated
William Henry Drew	The Cural of Thiruvalluvar with Commentary of Parimelazhakar	Madurai (American Mission Press)	1840	Partial—Prose	Translated only the first 630 couplets

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